Known safety concerns, contraindications, and risk factors.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Strictly contraindicated. Animal data showed hydrocephaly in offspring at doses 2–4 times the clinical human dose. No benefit to pregnant users.
Active Malignancy
GH stimulation can promote tumor growth. Any form of active cancer is an absolute contraindication for GH-axis peptides.
Pituitary Disorders
Contraindicated for those with disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis due to tumors, surgery, head radiation, or trauma.
CYP450-Metabolized Medications
GH may alter the clearance of compounds metabolized by cytochrome P450 liver enzymes (e.g., corticosteroids, anticonvulsants). Dose adjustments may be needed.
Hypoadrenalism on Glucocorticoids
Users may require increased maintenance doses of glucocorticoids if they have previously diagnosed hypoadrenalism.
Competitive Athletics
Many GH-axis peptides are prohibited in organized sport. Athletes must check anti-doping regulations before use.