Posts tagged "GLP-1"

Neuroprotection

The peptide revolution promises to rewire your brain — but your immune system might have other plans.

An evidence-based exploration of neuroprotective peptides including GLP-1 receptor agonists, Selank, and Dihexa. We examine clinical promise alongside immunogenicity risks, grey-market purity concerns, and the thin line between neuroregeneration and oncogenic overstimulation.

neuroprotectionpeptidesglp-1selankdihexa+5

Metabolic HealthOutcome

Blood Sugar Regulation

GLP-1 agonism is the headline. The full picture is three distinct peptide classes acting on glucose metabolism through three different mechanisms — and the honest protocol leads with the one that has actually passed regulatory scrutiny.

The peptide approach to blood sugar regulation splits into three distinct classes — incretin receptor agonists (GLP-1, dual GLP-1/GIP), mitochondrial-derived peptides (MOTS-c), and Khavinson bioregulators (Pankragen). Each sits on a different shelf of the evidence stack, each has a different risk profile, and the most common protocol error is treating them as interchangeable.

blood sugar

Fat LossOutcome

Appetite Suppression

GLP-1 agonists became a cultural phenomenon because they deliver dramatic short-term weight loss. The honest framing is chronic-disease pharmacology — effective while taken, compensation when withdrawn, best used alongside the nutritional foundation the drug amplifies.

Peptide-based appetite suppression splits across four classes — incretin agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide), amylin analogs (cagrilintide), hypothalamic peptides (BRP), and growth-hormone fragments (AOD-9604). The multi-pathway arms race is producing larger weight losses, the weight-regain-on-discontinuation pattern is producing harder questions, and the nutritional foundation is producing the difference between therapeutic weight loss and iatrogenic frailty.

appetite suppression

Metabolic HealthOutcome

Insulin Sensitivity

Tirzepatide's insulin-sensitivity effect comes mostly from direct metabolic reprogramming, not weight loss. MOTS-c bypasses the insulin receptor entirely. The Khavinson bioregulators target β-cell regeneration via epigenetics. The three stories land at very different evidence grades — and the highest-impact decision in the whole class is sourcing.

Peptide therapy for insulin sensitivity now spans three distinct mechanistic classes: incretin agonists (GLP-1, tirzepatide, retatrutide) acting at the hormonal layer, mitochondrial-derived peptides (MOTS-c) acting at the cellular-energy layer via AMPK, and epigenetic bioregulators (Khavinson peptides, Pancragen) attempting to restore gene expression in β-cells. Weight loss explains only 13–21% of tirzepatide's HOMA-IR improvement — the rest is direct metabolic reprogramming. MOTS-c is an exercise mimetic in early trials. Bioregulators are a Russian-literature frontier awaiting Western replication. Sourcing is the biggest preventable harm in the whole class.

PeptidesPeptide

Semaglutide

The GLP-1 receptor agonist reshaping metabolic medicine, from weight loss to cardiovascular protection, liver repair, and beyond.

Semaglutide is a modified GLP-1 analogue with a ~1-week half-life, proven to reduce body weight by 10-17%, cut cardiovascular events by 20%, resolve fatty liver disease, and slow kidney decline. Its reach now extends into addiction, sleep apnea, and neuroinflammation.

semaglutide

PeptidesPeptide

Tirzepatide

The first dual-action incretin that outpaces single-agonist therapy across weight, glucose, heart failure, and sleep apnoea, while forcing medicine to reckon with the musculoskeletal cost of rapid metabolic transformation.

Tirzepatide is an imbalanced dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist achieving 15-22.5% body weight reduction, HbA1c cuts of up to 2.6%, FDA approval for sleep apnoea, and a 38% reduction in heart failure events. Its biased agonism at the GLP-1 receptor avoids receptor desensitisation, but rapid weight loss raises real concerns about bone density and lean mass.

tirzepatide

GLP-1

GLP-1

Protocols

Neuroprotection

Blood Sugar Regulation

Appetite Suppression

Insulin Sensitivity

Semaglutide

Tirzepatide

Protocols

Neuroprotection

Blood Sugar Regulation

Appetite Suppression

Insulin Sensitivity

Semaglutide

Tirzepatide